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Medical hygiene clean room
Clean technology is also known as clean room technology. In addition to meeting the conventional requirements of the temperature and humidity of the air-conditioned room, through various facilities and strict management of engineering technology, the indoor particle content, air flow, pressure and so on are also controlled within a certain range, this room is called a clean room. One kind of clean room is built and used in hospitals. With the development of medical and health care and high technology, the application of clean technology in the medical environment is more extensive, and the technical requirements for itself are also higher. The clean room used in medical treatment is mainly divided into three categories: clean operating room, clean nursing ward and clean laboratory.
Clean operating room:
The clean operating room takes indoor microorganisms as the control target, operating parameters and grading indexes, and air cleanliness is a necessary guarantee condition. The clean operating room can be divided into the following levels according to the degree of cleanliness:
1. Special clean operating room: the cleanliness of the operating area is 100, and the surrounding area is 1000. Applicable to burns, joint conversion, organ transfer aseptic surgery such as transplantation, brain surgery, ophthalmology, plastic surgery and cardiac surgery.
2. Clean operating room: The cleanliness of the operating area is thousands, and the surrounding area is 10,000, which is suitable for thoracic surgery, plastic surgery, urology surgery, hepatobiliary and pancreatic surgery, bone surgery and egg retrieval and other aseptic surgery.
3. General clean operating room: the cleanliness of the operating area is 10,000, and the surrounding area is 100,000, which is suitable for general surgery, dermatology and abdomen surgery, etc.
4. quasi-clean operating room: air cleanliness of 100,000, suitable for obstetrics, anorectal surgery and other operations.
In addition to the cleanliness level and bacterial concentration should meet the corresponding level, the relevant technical parameters should also meet the relevant regulations, see the main technical parameters table of the room at all levels of the clean surgery department. According to the general requirements, the layout of the clean operation department should be divided into two parts: clean area and unclean area. Operating rooms and functional rooms directly serving operating rooms shall be located in clean areas. When people and objects pass through different cleanliness areas in the operating department, airlocks, buffer rooms or transfer Windows should be set up. The operating room is usually located in the core. The internal plane and channel form should conform to the principle of simple and clean functional process.
Several kinds of clean nursing wards in the hospital:
Clean nursing wards are divided into isolation wards and intensive care wards. Isolation wards are divided into four levels according to biological risk: P1P2P3P4. The P1 ward is basically the same as the ordinary ward, and the entry and exit of outsiders are not specially prohibited; P2 ward is stricter than P1 ward, and outsiders are generally forbidden to enter and leave; The P3 ward is isolated from the outside by a heavy door or buffer room, with negative pressure inside the room; P4 ward is isolated from the outside world, indoor negative pressure is constant 30P, medical staff wear protective clothing to prevent infection. Intensive care units include ICU(intensive care Unit), CCU(care room for cardiovascular patients), NICU(care room for premature infants) and leukemia room. The room temperature of the leukemia room is 242, the wind speed is 0.15~0.3/m/s, the relative humidity is less than 60%, and the cleanliness is 100. At the same time, the cleanest air should be sent to the head of the patient first, so that the mouth and nose breathing area is on the air supply side, and horizontal flow is better. The results of bacterial concentration measurement in burn ward showed that vertical laminar flow was superior to open treatment. The injection rate was 0.2m/s, the temperature was 28-34, and the cleanliness was in the thousandth grade. Respiratory ward is very rare in China, the room temperature and humidity requirements are relatively strict, the temperature is controlled at 23 to 30, the relative humidity of 40 to 60%, each ward can be adjusted according to the patient's own, cleanliness control between 10~10000, noise is less than 45B(A), personnel entering the ward should be changed, shower and other personal purification, Maintain positive pressure in the room.
